What is Samaria called today? It’s a question that’s been on the minds of history buffs and locals alike. This region, located in the northern part of Israel, is steeped in rich history and cultural significance. From Biblical stories to modern-day politics, Samaria has played a significant role in shaping the course of human history. However, with so much complexity and controversy surrounding the region, it can be challenging to know exactly what to call it.
In recent years, Samaria has been known by a few different names. The most commonly used is “the West Bank,” which is a political term used to describe the area that was captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War. However, this term is often contested, as it implies a sense of illegitimacy and occupation. Others prefer to call the region “Judea and Samaria,” which is a nod to the region’s biblical roots. Whatever you choose to call it, there’s no denying the unique beauty and significance of this region.
For those who are unfamiliar with the history of Samaria, it’s a region that dates back thousands of years. It was once home to several ancient kingdoms, including the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah. Later, Samaria would become a focal point for religious and political tensions, with both Jews and Arabs claiming the region as their own. Today, Samaria remains at the heart of the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine. Despite the region’s complexities, it’s undeniable that Samaria is a place of immense cultural and historical significance.
History of Samaria
Samaria is a region in the northern part of Palestine, which has a rich and diverse history that spans over three thousand years. Its people were among the major cultural, economic, and political players in ancient times, and their story has shaped the region and influenced the world.
The history of Samaria can be traced back to the Bronze Age, where the earliest known settlements were established. Its strategic location between the Mediterranean coast and the Jordan River valley made it a crucial passage for traders and armies alike, setting the stage for many conflicts that took place over the centuries.
- In the 9th century BCE, Samaria was the capital city of the northern kingdom of Israel, and it thrived under the reign of King Omri and his successors. They built impressive palaces, fortifications, and infrastructure projects that improved the living conditions of their people and consolidated their power.
- In the 8th century BCE, the Assyrians invaded Samaria and destroyed its political structure and identity, deporting many of its inhabitants to other parts of their empire. This event marked the end of the kingdom of Israel as an independent entity.
- In the Hellenistic period, Samaria became part of the Seleucid Empire and witnessed a period of cultural and economic prosperity. Greek influences spread throughout the region, and new cities were founded.
Recent Name Changes
The name Samaria has undergone various transformations throughout history and still exists today in different forms.
After the fall of the Seleucid Empire, Samaria became known as the region of Shomron, a term derived from the Hebrew word for watchtower or guardian. This name was used during the Roman and Byzantine periods and is still in use among religious and nationalist Jews who regard the region as their ancestral homeland.
During the Islamic conquest in the 7th century CE, Samaria was renamed as Al-Sham, which means Greater Syria. This name persisted until the British mandate period in the early 20th century when the region was divided into three parts: the British-administered Palestine, the French-mandated Syria, and Transjordan (now Jordan).
Archaeological Discoveries in Samaria
The rich history of Samaria has left behind many archaeological treasures that are still being unearthed and studied. Some of the most significant discoveries include:
| Discovery | Description |
|---|---|
| The Palace of Omri | Excavated in the 19th century, this palace complex was built by King Omri and his son Ahab. It featured a grand entrance, reception hall, throne room, and various administrative and ceremonial chambers. |
| The Israelite Wall | This massive defensive wall surrounded the city of Samaria and was built by King Ahab. It was over a kilometer long and 17 meters high, with towers and gates at strategic locations. |
| The Israelite Temple | Located on Mount Gerizim, this temple was built by the Samaritans in the 5th century BCE and served as their religious center until it was destroyed by the Hasmonean king John Hyrcanus in the 2nd century BCE. |
These and other discoveries shed light on the daily life, culture, and religion of the people who inhabited Samaria and inspire further research and exploration of this fascinating region.
Geography of Samaria
Samaria, located in the northern region of ancient Israel, was a mountainous region known for its fertile soil and ample water supply. Today, it is widely recognized as an area within the modern-day West Bank and is home to over 700,000 Palestinians.
Characteristics of Samaria
- Mountainous terrain
- Fertile soil
- Ample water supply
Samarian Landscape
The Samarian landscape is characterized by hills and valleys, providing a diverse ecosystem for flora and fauna. The region is home to a variety of plant and animal species, including the endangered Persian Fallow Deer, which has been successfully reintroduced into the area.
The terrain also allows for the cultivation of various crops, including olive, grape, and wheat.
Samaria Today
Today, Samaria is a contentious area, as it is located within the disputed territory of the West Bank. The Israeli government has established settlements in the region, which are widely recognized as illegal under international law. These settlements have created tension and conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, impacting the daily lives and livelihoods of those living in the area.
| Characteristics | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Modern-day West Bank |
| Population | Over 700,000 Palestinians |
| Israeli Settlements | Considered illegal under international law |
Despite the conflicts and tensions in the region, Samaria remains a vital and important area for both Israelis and Palestinians, and its rich history and geography continue to shape the lives of those who call it home.
Modern-day Samaria
Samaria, once the capital city of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, is now known as a historic region in present-day Israel and the West Bank. The name “Samaria” comes from its former capital city, which was destroyed by the Assyrians in the 8th century BC. Today, the area is a mix of Israeli settlements and Palestinian communities.
- Israeli settlements – In the Israeli-occupied territories of the West Bank, there are numerous Israeli settlements in the region of Samaria. These settlements, established by Israeli civilians, have been a point of controversy in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as they are located on land that Palestinians claim as their own.
- Palestinian communities – The majority of the population in the region of Samaria are Palestinians, who are mainly concentrated in the city of Nablus and its surrounding villages. The Palestinian Authority governs the area, with the exception of the Israeli settlements.
- Tourism – Despite the ongoing conflict, Samaria remains an area of historical and religious significance, attracting tourists from all over the world. Visitors can explore the ancient ruins of the Palace of Omri, the Biblical city of Shechem, and the Mount Gerizim, which is regarded as a holy site by both Jews and Samaritans.
Economy and Infrastructure
The region of Samaria has a mixed economy, with Palestinian agriculture, industry, and services coexisting alongside Israeli settlements and businesses. The area is also home to several industrial zones, including the Barkan Industrial Park, which has both Israeli and Palestinian employees.
Infrastructure in the region is varied, with Israeli settlements enjoying modern amenities such as high-speed internet and reliable electricity, while Palestinian communities often experience power outages and limited access to clean water. The lack of investment in infrastructure is often cited as a hindrance to economic growth in the region.
Samaria in the Bible
Samaria has a rich biblical history, mentioned in both the Old and New Testaments. The city of Samaria was founded by King Omri of Israel in the 9th century BC and became the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. In the New Testament, Jesus famously meets a Samaritan woman at a well in the city of Sychar, showing hospitality across religious and cultural boundaries.
| Event | Book and Chapter |
|---|---|
| Kingdom of Israel established | 1 Kings 16:23-24 |
| Destruction of Samaria by Assyrians | 2 Kings 17:5-6 |
| Jesus meets Samaritan woman | John 4:4-30 |
The biblical legacy of Samaria continues to draw pilgrims and religious tourists to the region, seeking to connect with the roots of their faith.
Samarian Culture and Traditions
The region historically known as Samaria is located in present-day Palestine. Though the term “Samaria” may not be as commonly used today, the cultural heritage and traditions of the Samarian people continue to thrive.
- Religion: The Samarian people have a rich religious history, with Judaism being the dominant faith. Samarian Jews follow some unique traditions, such as offering animal sacrifices on a monthly basis and celebrating Passover a month later than other Jewish sects.
- Cuisine: The cuisine of the Samarian people is diverse and reflects the regional influences. Traditional dishes include Musakhan (roasted chicken with onions and sumac spice), Maqluba (a rice dish layered with meat and vegetables), and Mujadara (lentils and rice with caramelized onions).
- Art and Music: Samaria has a rich history of art and music, with a distinct style that is influenced by Arab, Jewish, and Christian cultures. Traditional instruments include the oud, qanun, and tabla. Folk dances such as the Dabka are also an integral part of Samarian cultural celebrations.
Family values are highly revered in Samarian culture, and there is a strong emphasis on hospitality and generosity. The Samarian people are also known for their progressive stance on women’s rights, with women holding positions of leadership in both religious and secular spheres.
| Tradition | Description |
|---|---|
| The Samaritan Passover | Samarian Jews celebrate Passover a month later than other Jewish sects |
| Animal Sacrifices | Samarian Jews offer animal sacrifices on a monthly basis |
| The Dabka dance | A traditional folk dance popular in Samarian cultural celebrations |
| Musakhan | A roasted chicken dish with onions and sumac spice |
| Maqluba | A rice dish layered with meat and vegetables |
| Mujadara | A lentils and rice dish with caramelized onions |
The Samarian people have a rich cultural heritage that has been influenced by its diverse population. From their unique religious practices to their cuisine and art, the traditions of the Samarian people continue to thrive and be celebrated.
Samaria in the Bible
Samaria is a historical region in the Middle East that is mentioned in the Bible. The region of Samaria was situated between Judea and Galilee, and it was the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Omri (1 Kings 16:23-24). Samaria was also the site of many significant events throughout the Old and New Testaments:
- Elijah challenged the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel, which is situated in Samaria (1 Kings 18:17-46).
- King Ahab and his wife Jezebel, both notorious for their wickedness, ruled over Samaria during their reign (1 Kings 16:29-33).
- The prophet Elisha performed many of his miracles in Samaria, including healing Naaman the Syrian (2 Kings 5) and causing an ax head to float on water (2 Kings 6:1-7).
- Jesus traveled through Samaria on his way to Galilee and met the woman at the well, who became one of his followers (John 4:1-42).
- The apostles Peter and John traveled to Samaria to pray for new converts to receive the Holy Spirit (Acts 8:14-17).
Samaria was also known for its beautiful and fertile land, which made it a target for invaders and conquerors. Throughout its history, it was ruled by various empires, including the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans.
| Event | Reference |
|---|---|
| King Omri makes Samaria his capital | 1 Kings 16:23-24 |
| Elijah challenges the prophets of Baal | 1 Kings 18:17-46 |
| King Ahab and Jezebel rule over Samaria | 1 Kings 16:29-33 |
| Elisha performs miracles in Samaria | 2 Kings 5; 2 Kings 6:1-7 |
| Jesus meets the woman at the well | John 4:1-42 |
| Peter and John travel to Samaria to pray for new converts | Acts 8:14-17 |
Today, Samaria is usually referred to as the West Bank region of Israel. The area is still disputed, and its political status is a matter of ongoing debate and conflict.
Samarian conflicts throughout history
The region of Samaria, located in the central part of present-day Palestine, has witnessed numerous conflicts throughout history. From biblical times to the modern era, the land of Samaria has been fought over by various groups of people, leading to a complex web of conflicts that continue to this day.
- The Israelite-Samaritan conflict: The conflict between the Israelites and Samaritans dates back to the time of the Old Testament. The Samaritans were descendants of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh who settled in the region of Samaria after the conquest of the northern kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians in 722 BCE. The conflict between the two groups centered around religious differences, with the Samaritans practicing a form of Judaism that was considered heretical by the Israelites.
- The Roman-Jewish War: In 66 CE, the Jews of Judea rebelled against Roman rule, leading to a four-year war that ended with the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE. During the conflict, the Samaritans sided with the Romans against the Jews, leading to widespread violence and hostility between the two groups that lasted for centuries.
- The Crusades: The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christian Europe and the Muslim world that took place between the 11th and 13th centuries. During the First Crusade, which began in 1096, Christian armies marched through the region of Samaria on their way to Jerusalem, leading to widespread massacres of Jews and Muslims.
In modern times, the conflict in Samaria has centered around the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with the region being a major flashpoint in the ongoing conflict between the two groups. The Israeli government has claimed control over the region, building settlements on Palestinian land and imposing strict control over the movements of Palestinians in the area.
The following table provides a summary of the major conflicts that have taken place in Samaria throughout history:
| Period | Conflict | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Biblical Times | Israelite-Samaritan Conflict | Religious conflict between Israelites and Samaritans over differences in Judaism |
| Roman Empire | Roman-Jewish War | Conflict between Jews and Romans that led to the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem |
| 11th-13th Centuries | The Crusades | Religious wars between Christian Europe and the Muslim world that resulted in massacres of Jews and Muslims in Samaria |
| 20th-21st Centuries | Israeli-Palestinian Conflict | Conflict over control of the region that has resulted in the building of Israeli settlements on Palestinian land and strict Israeli control over the movements of Palestinians in the area |
Overall, the conflicts that have taken place in Samaria have been driven by a complex mix of religious, political, and economic factors, making it one of the most complex and volatile regions in the world.
Samaria and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
Samaria, also known as the West Bank, is a disputed region between Israel and Palestine in the Middle East. Due to its strategic location, it has been a hotbed of conflict for decades. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has its roots in the late 19th century, with the Zionist movement seeking to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, then under Ottoman rule.
However, it was not until after World War II that the Zionist movement gained momentum, and in 1947 the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states. The Arab world rejected this partition plan, and the following year, Israel declared its independence.
Over the years, Israel has occupied and annexed parts of the West Bank, including Samaria, as part of its strategy to secure its borders and protect Jewish settlements in the area. The Palestinian Authority, which controls parts of the West Bank, including major cities like Ramallah and Bethlehem, considers Samaria as part of its future state.
- The conflict between Israel and Palestine over Samaria has led to numerous violent clashes, including the First and Second Intifadas, which saw Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation.
- The Oslo Accords of the 1990s, which aimed to establish a peace settlement, resulted in the establishment of the Palestinian Authority and a partial Israeli withdrawal from some parts of the West Bank, including parts of Samaria. However, the peace process has stalled since then, with both sides failing to reach a final resolution.
- Israel’s continued occupation of the West Bank, including Samaria, has been widely criticized by the international community, which considers it a violation of international law and a major obstacle to peace.
The situation in Samaria remains tense, with ongoing Israeli settlements, checkpoints, and military presence in the area. Palestinian demonstrations and attacks on Israeli soldiers and civilians continue to occur, leading to further violence and instability.
| Year | Number of Palestinian Casualties in West Bank | Number of Israeli Casualties in West Bank |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 128 | 12 |
| 2018 | 295 | 10 |
| 2017 | 117 | 7 |
The conflict in Samaria remains a major obstacle to peace between Israel and Palestine. A final resolution to the conflict will require both sides to make difficult compromises, including a possible two-state solution or a shared state in the region.
What Is Samaria Called Today FAQs
1. What is Samaria called today?
The region formerly known as Samaria is now referred to as the West Bank in modern times.
2. Is the West Bank part of Israel?
The region is currently under the control of Israel, but its status is a topic of great debate and controversy.
3. What cities are located in this region?
The West Bank contains several cities, including Nablus, Jericho, and Bethlehem.
4. Is the region safe for travel?
The security situation in the West Bank is complicated and varies depending on the location. It is important to research your travel plans and stay alert to potential risks.
5. Are there historical sites to visit in Samaria?
Yes, the West Bank is home to several significant historical sites, including the ancient city of Jericho and numerous biblical locations.
6. What languages are spoken in the region?
Arabic is the most common language spoken in the West Bank, but many people also speak Hebrew and English.
7. What is the population of the West Bank?
As of 2021, the estimated population of the West Bank is around 2.8 million people.
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