Are water hammer arrestors required by code? This is a question that many homeowners and DIY enthusiasts ask themselves when working on plumbing projects. Water hammer is a common problem that occurs when water flow is abruptly stopped, causing a loud banging noise in the pipes. Not only is this noise annoying, but it can also cause damage to your pipes over time. That’s why water hammer arrestors are becoming increasingly popular in modern plumbing systems.
While water hammer arrestors are not required by code in all regions, they are strongly recommended by plumbing professionals. This is because they can prevent costly plumbing repairs and extend the life of your pipes. Water hammer arrestors work by absorbing the force of the water as it flows through your pipes, reducing the likelihood of pressure spikes and subsequent banging noises. Plus, many modern plumbing codes are beginning to require them in new construction projects to ensure that homeowners can enjoy problem-free plumbing for years to come.
If you’re considering a plumbing project, it’s important to do your research before diving in. While water hammer arrestors may not be required in your area, they can still provide many benefits to your plumbing system. At the end of the day, it’s up to you to decide if the investment is worth it. But with quality water hammer arrestors, you can rest easy knowing that you’re taking proactive steps to protect your home’s plumbing system.
Definition of Water Hammer
Water hammer is a hydraulic shock that occurs in a plumbing system when the flow of water is suddenly stopped. This happens when a valve is closed quickly or when the flow of water is abruptly changed due to a change in water pressure or velocity. The shockwave created by water hammer can cause significant damage to pipes, fittings, and appliances connected to the plumbing system if left unaddressed.
Function of Water Hammer Arrestors
Water hammer is a common occurrence in plumbing systems. It happens when a valve is suddenly closed or opened, causing a shockwave that travels through the pipes and can lead to damage. Water hammer arrestors are devices installed in plumbing systems to prevent water hammer by absorbing the shockwaves.
- Water hammer arrestors work by using a compressible cushion, such as air, to absorb the shockwave caused by sudden changes in water flow.
- They are typically installed near the fixtures or appliances that cause water hammer, such as washing machines, dishwashers, and toilets.
- Water hammer arrestors are required by code in many plumbing systems to prevent damage to pipes, valves, and appliances.
Types of Water Hammer Arrestors
There are two types of water hammer arrestors: piston-type and diaphragm-type.
Piston-type water hammer arrestors use a piston to absorb the shockwave caused by water hammer. The piston is housed in a cylinder filled with air or gas, and when the water flows, the piston compresses the gas to absorb the shockwave.
Diaphragm-type water hammer arrestors use a flexible diaphragm to absorb the shockwave. The diaphragm is housed in a chamber filled with air or gas, and when the water flows, the diaphragm flexes to absorb the shockwave.
Installation of Water Hammer Arrestors
Water hammer arrestors can be installed in both new and existing plumbing systems, but it’s best to have them installed by a licensed plumber.
When installing water hammer arrestors, make sure they are installed as close as possible to the appliance or fixture that causes water hammer. This will ensure that the shockwave is absorbed before it can cause damage to the rest of the plumbing system.
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Prevents damage to pipes, valves, and appliances | May require professional installation |
| Reduces noise and vibration in plumbing systems | Additional cost |
| Increases the lifespan of plumbing systems | Requires maintenance to ensure proper functionality |
Overall, water hammer arrestors are a necessary component of plumbing systems to prevent water hammer and protect pipes, valves, and appliances from damage. When properly installed, they can extend the lifespan of plumbing systems and reduce noise and vibration.
Water Hammer Arrestors in Residential Plumbing
Water hammer is a common plumbing problem that occurs when the flow of water is abruptly stopped or redirected. The sudden change in water pressure causes a loud banging or hammering noise that can damage pipes, fittings, and appliances. Water hammer arrestors are devices that absorb the shock of the water and prevent the noise and damage from occurring.
In residential plumbing, installing water hammer arrestors is not always required by code. However, it is recommended to install them in certain situations where there is a higher risk of water hammer occurring.
Situations where Water Hammer Arrestors are Recommended
- When installing a new washing machine or dishwasher
- When replacing shower valves or faucet cartridges
- When using high-pressure or high-velocity plumbing systems
If any of these situations apply to your home, it is recommended to install water hammer arrestors to prevent potential damage to your plumbing system.
Types of Water Hammer Arrestors
There are two types of water hammer arrestors that can be installed in residential plumbing systems:
- Mini-Rester water hammer arrestors
- Piston-type water hammer arrestors
Mini-Rester water hammer arrestors are smaller and more compact than piston-type arrestors, making them easier to install. They are typically used for washing machines, dishwashers, and other small appliances. Piston-type water hammer arrestors are larger and more effective for high-pressure and high-velocity plumbing systems.
How to Install Water Hammer Arrestors
Water hammer arrestors can be installed directly onto the water supply line using compression fittings. To determine the appropriate size and type of water hammer arrestor for your plumbing system, it is recommended to consult with a licensed plumber.
| Steps to Install Water Hammer Arrestors |
|---|
| 1. Shut off the water supply |
| 2. Drain the water from the plumbing system |
| 3. Install the water hammer arrestor onto the water supply line |
| 4. Tighten the compression fittings |
| 5. Turn the water supply back on and test for leaks |
By installing water hammer arrestors in your residential plumbing system, you can prevent potential damage to your pipes, fittings, and appliances, as well as eliminate the annoying and disruptive banging noise of water hammer.
Water Hammer Arrestors in Commercial Plumbing
In commercial plumbing, water hammer arrestors are typically required by code. These devices are used to prevent the loud banging noise that occurs when a valve is shut off abruptly, causing a shock wave to travel through the pipes and creating a hammer-like sound. Water hammer can lead to pipe damage, leaks, and even burst pipes in extreme cases.
- Water hammer arrestors must be installed at the source of the water supply, as close as possible to the quick-closing valves that cause the water hammer.
- The American Society of Sanitary Engineers (ASSE) has established standards for water hammer arrestors, which must be met in order to comply with code requirements.
- Some jurisdictions may require regular maintenance and testing of water hammer arrestors to ensure that they are functioning properly.
Types of Water Hammer Arrestors
There are two main types of water hammer arrestors: air chamber and mechanical.
- Air chamber water hammer arrestors work by creating a pocket of air in the pipe, which absorbs the shock wave created by the sudden valve closure.
- Mechanical water hammer arrestors, also known as hydraulically operated water hammer arrestors, contain a piston or diaphragm that absorbs the shock wave.
Choosing the Right Water Hammer Arrestor
When selecting a water hammer arrestor for commercial plumbing systems, it is important to consider the size and type of plumbing system, the location of the quick-closing valves, and the maximum flow rate of the system. It is also important to select a device that meets ASSE standards and is approved for use in your jurisdiction.
| Factors to Consider When Choosing a Water Hammer Arrestor | Considerations |
|---|---|
| Size of Plumbing System | The size of the plumbing system will dictate the size and number of water hammer arrestors needed. |
| Location of Quick-Closing Valves | Water hammer arrestors must be installed as close as possible to the source of the water hammer, which typically occurs at a quick-closing valve. |
| Maximum Flow Rate of Plumbing System | The maximum flow rate of the plumbing system will determine the size and pressure rating of the water hammer arrestor. |
| Compliance with ASSE Standards | Water hammer arrestors must meet ASSE standards to be approved for use in commercial plumbing systems. |
Overall, water hammer arrestors are an important component of commercial plumbing systems. They help prevent water hammer and the associated damage it can cause, while also ensuring compliance with code requirements.
Types of Water Hammer Arrestors
Water hammer is a shock wave that is caused by the sudden stop or change in the flow of water in a pipe. This can lead to the failure of the plumbing system and costly repairs. A water hammer arrestor is a device that is designed to absorb the shock wave and prevent damage to the plumbing system. There are different types of water hammer arrestors, each with its unique features and advantages.
- Vertical Water Hammer Arrestor: This is the most common type of water hammer arrestor and is installed vertically in the plumbing system. When the water flow is interrupted, the piston inside the arrestor moves up, compressing the air and reducing the shock wave. These arrestors are easy to install and maintain.
- Horizontal Water Hammer Arrestor: This type of arrestor is installed horizontally in the plumbing system and is ideal for tight spaces. It works in the same way as the vertical arrestor, but the piston moves horizontally. These arrestors are suitable for use in washing machines, dishwashers, and other appliances.
- Mini Water Hammer Arrestor: This is a compact water hammer arrestor that is installed in-line with the appliance. It is suitable for use in small spaces and is commonly used in residential plumbing systems. It is easy to install and requires no maintenance.
In addition to the above types of water hammer arrestors, there are also custom-made arrestors that can be designed to fit specific plumbing systems. These arrestors are typically used in commercial and industrial settings.
Water Hammer Arrestor Sizing Calculator
The size of the water hammer arrestor is an essential factor to consider when selecting the right type of arrestor. The sizing is based on the size of the plumbing system and the flow rate of the water. It is important to ensure that the arrestor is adequately sized to prevent water hammer. A water hammer arrestor sizing calculator can aid in determining the correct size of the arrestor.
| Fixture | Arrestor Size (GPM) | Pipe Size (inches) |
|---|---|---|
| Bathroom Sink | 0.5 | 1/2 |
| Tub or Shower | 2.0 | 3/4 |
| Kitchen Sink | 1.0 | 1/2 |
| Dishwasher | 1.0 | 1/2 |
As seen in the table above, the size of the water hammer arrestor is dependent on the fixture and pipe size. An undersized arrestor will not be effective, and an oversized arrestor will be costly and unnecessary. It is crucial to consult a plumbing expert when selecting the right water hammer arrestor for your plumbing system.
Installation of Water Hammer Arrestors
Water hammer is the knocking sound that can be heard in pipes when faucets are turned on abruptly or valves are closed quickly. Water hammer arrestors are devices that are designed to prevent water hammer by absorbing the shockwaves that occur when the water flow stops suddenly. These devices are required by code in certain situations to prevent damage to pipes and appliances.
- In new construction, water hammer arrestors are required by code in some states for appliances that use quick-acting valves, such as washing machines, dishwashers, and toilets. These valves cause a sudden stoppage of water flow and can create water hammer if not properly controlled.
- In some cases, water hammer arrestors are also required for fire sprinkler systems to prevent damage to the system components.
- Water hammer arrestors should be installed at the source of the problem, which is typically near the valve or appliance that causes the sudden water flow stoppage. They can be installed in-line with the plumbing or mounted on a nearby wall.
When installing water hammer arrestors, it is important to choose the right size and type for the application. The size of the arrestor should match the size of the pipe and the flow rate of the water. The type of arrestor needed may vary depending on the application, so it is important to consult with a plumber or building code professional.
Water hammer arrestors are typically made of copper, brass, or stainless steel, and can be either permanent or removable. Permanent arrestors are typically installed in-line with the plumbing and require professional installation. Removable arrestors can be installed on the supply valves for appliances and do not require professional installation, making them a more cost-effective solution in some cases.
| Advantages of Water Hammer Arrestors | Disadvantages of Water Hammer Arrestors |
|---|---|
| Prevent damage to pipes and appliances | May not be required by code in all states |
| Reduce noise and vibration in plumbing | May need to be replaced periodically if they become clogged or fail |
| Can be installed in-line or on supply valves for appliances | May add additional cost to plumbing installation |
| Available in various sizes and types to fit different applications |
Overall, water hammer arrestors are an important component of plumbing systems in many applications. They help to prevent damage to pipes and appliances, reduce noise and vibration in plumbing, and can be installed in a variety of ways to fit different applications. By choosing the right size and type of arrestor, and consulting with a professional plumber or building code official, homeowners and contractors can ensure that their plumbing system is properly protected against water hammer and its potential damage.
Benefits of Installing Water Hammer Arrestors in Plumbing Systems
Water hammer is a common problem in plumbing systems that can cause damage to pipes, fittings, and appliances. Water hammer arrestors are devices that prevent this problem by absorbing the shock waves that occur when water is suddenly turned off or redirected in a plumbing system. Here are the benefits of installing water hammer arrestors in plumbing systems:
- Prevents damage: Water hammer can cause damage to pipes, fittings, and appliances by creating excessive pressure and vibration. Water hammer arrestors prevent this damage by reducing the shock waves that occur when water is suddenly stopped or redirected.
- Extends lifespan: By preventing damage to pipes, fittings, and appliances, water hammer arrestors can extend the lifespan of your plumbing system. This means you’ll save money in the long run by avoiding costly repairs and replacements.
- Improves efficiency: If water hammer is not addressed, it can cause fluctuations in water pressure that can affect the performance of your plumbing system. By installing water hammer arrestors, you can maintain consistent water pressure and improve the overall efficiency of your plumbing system.
How Water Hammer Arrestors Work
Water hammer arrestors work by creating a cushion of air or gas that absorbs the shock waves that occur when water is suddenly stopped or redirected in a plumbing system. This cushion of air or gas is contained within a sealed chamber inside the water hammer arrestor. As water flows through the plumbing system, the cushion of air or gas compresses and expands to absorb any shock waves that occur.
Water hammer arrestors can be installed at any point in a plumbing system where water hammer is a problem. This includes at water source valves, washing machine connections, and dishwashers.
Types of Water Hammer Arrestors
There are several types of water hammer arrestors available, including:
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Piston-style | Uses a piston to compress the cushion of air or gas. |
| Diaphragm-style | Uses a diaphragm to compress the cushion of air or gas. |
| Expansion-style | Uses a bladder that expands and contracts to absorb shock waves. |
Each type of water hammer arrestor has its own advantages and disadvantages. The type of water hammer arrestor you choose will depend on your specific plumbing system and needs.
Are Water Hammer Arrestors Required by Code? FAQs
1. What are water hammer arrestors?
Water hammer arrestors are devices that are installed in a plumbing system to prevent the sudden banging or knocking sounds in pipes that are caused by a sudden change in water flow.
2. Why are water hammer arrestors important?
Water hammer can cause damage to pipes, joints, and valves in a plumbing system. If left unaddressed, it can even cause pipes to burst, leading to water damage in your home.
3. Are water hammer arrestors required by code?
Yes, water hammer arrestors are required by the International Plumbing Code as well as many state codes. The specific requirements may vary depending on the location and type of plumbing system.
4. Where should water hammer arrestors be installed?
Water hammer arrestors should be installed as close as possible to the source of the water flow that is causing the hammering sound. They can be installed at any location where there is a sudden change in water flow, such as near washing machines, dishwashers, or toilet valves.
5. Can I install water hammer arrestors myself?
While it is possible to install water hammer arrestors yourself, it is recommended to hire a licensed plumber to ensure that they are installed according to code and to avoid any potential issues or damage.
6. What if I don’t have water hammer arrestors installed?
If you don’t have water hammer arrestors installed, you may experience loud banging or knocking sounds in your pipes that can cause damage over time. It is recommended to have them installed to prevent these issues.
7. How much do water hammer arrestors cost?
The cost of water hammer arrestors can vary depending on the type and location of the installation. On average, they can cost anywhere from $50 to $200 per unit.
Closing Thoughts
Thank you for reading our FAQ on whether water hammer arrestors are required by code. By installing water hammer arrestors, you can prevent costly damage to your plumbing system and enjoy a quieter home. If you have any further questions or concerns about water hammer arrestors, please contact a licensed plumber. Don’t forget to visit us again for more informative articles on plumbing and home maintenance.