Are hammer arrestors required by code? That’s a question that’s been on the mind of many homeowners lately. In case you’re scratching your head, a hammer arrestor is a device installed in plumbing systems to prevent water hammer, which is the banging sound you hear when you turn off a faucet or valve. If you’ve experienced those annoying vibrations, then you know how disturbing and damaging they can be. But should you install a hammer arrestor in your home, and is it required by code? Let’s dive in and find out.
Before we jump into whether or not you need a hammer arrestor in your home, it’s essential to understand why water hammer occurs. When water travels through pipes and reaches a shut-off valve, the momentum of the water suddenly stops. The energy from the moving water creates a shock wave that causes the pipes to vibrate and shake, resulting in that clanging noise we all hate. This shock wave can cause damage to your home’s plumbing system, and worse yet, it can lead to burst pipes. Is this enough to require a hammer arrestor by code? Let’s keep reading.
Now, as for whether a hammer arrestor is required by code or not, the answer is, it depends. In some states and municipalities, regulations require the installation of a hammer arrestor in specific plumbing configurations. For instance, Minnesota requires the installation of a hammer arrestor on washing machines, while Arizona only demands hammer arrestors in multi-family homes. However, not all states and municipalities have these requirements, which means you need to check with your local plumbing codes to determine if a hammer arrestor is necessary in your home.
Building codes related to plumbing
Building codes are regulations put in place by local or national governments to ensure that buildings are constructed safely and efficiently. Compliance with these codes is crucial to prevent accidents that could lead to property damage, bodily harm, or loss of life. In the context of plumbing, building codes aim to guarantee that plumbing systems are designed and installed correctly.
- Plumbing codes dictate the materials that are allowed to be used for pipes, fittings, and fixtures, as well as their sizing, location, and installation methods.
- Codes require that plumbing systems are designed to prevent contamination of potable water, meaning that cross-connections between potable and non-potable water sources must be avoided.
- Building codes mandate the use of approved plumbing products and devices, such as backflow preventers, to protect the water supply from pollutants and other hazards.
When it comes to the use of hammer arrestors in plumbing systems, the International Plumbing Code (IPC) provides guidance on this matter. The IPC is a model code that has been adopted by many states and municipalities across the United States.
The IPC requires the use of water hammer arresters in certain situations, such as:
- When quick-closing valves are installed on washing machines, dishwashers, or other appliances. These valves can cause water hammer by abruptly stopping the flow of water.
- When valves are installed on commercial kitchen pre-rinse sprayers that generate high water pressure.
- When plumbing fixtures are installed on multi-level buildings and water supply lines extend through more than one floor.
The IPC also specifies the installation requirements for water hammer arresters. According to the code, arresters must be installed as close as possible to the quick-closing valve or fixture that causes water hammer. They must be accessible for maintenance and equipped with a means for draining any trapped water.
| Arrester Type | Maximum Fixture Fittings Volume (gal.) |
|---|---|
| Water Supply System (horizontal) | 1.4 |
| Water Supply System (vertical) | 2.5 |
| Individual Fixture Fitting | 0.25 |
| Branch Line | 5.0 |
It is important to note that local building codes may have additional or more stringent requirements regarding the use of water hammer arresters. Plumbing contractors and homeowners should always check with their local building department to ensure compliance with all applicable codes and regulations.
Water hammer and its causes
Water hammer is a common plumbing problem where a loud banging or thumping noise occurs when a faucet or valve is turned off. This noise is caused by the shockwave that results from the sudden stoppage of water flow in a pipe. Water hammer can cause damage to pipes, valves, and appliances, and can lead to leaks and bursts if left untreated.
Water hammer is typically caused by one of two factors: sudden valve closure or high water velocity. Sudden valve closure occurs when a valve is closed quickly, causing the water to stop abruptly and creating a shockwave in the pipe. High water velocity occurs when water travels through the pipe at high speeds, causing turbulence and pressure fluctuations that can lead to water hammer.
- Faucet or valve closure
- High water velocity
Water hammer can be prevented with the use of hammer arrestors. Hammer arrestors are devices that absorb the shockwave caused by water hammer, preventing damage to pipes, valves, and appliances. Hammer arrestors are typically installed near the source of the problem, such as at the end of a long pipe or near a washing machine or dishwasher.
Hammer arrestors are not required by plumbing codes in all situations, but they are recommended in certain circumstances. For example, some plumbing codes require the use of hammer arrestors in multi-unit buildings or where large appliances are used. It is important to check local plumbing codes to determine whether or not hammer arrestors are required.
| Benefits of hammer arrestors: |
|---|
| Prevent damage to pipes, valves, and appliances |
| Reduce noise and vibration in plumbing systems |
| Extend the lifespan of plumbing systems |
Even if hammer arrestors are not required by code, they are a smart investment for homeowners who want to protect their plumbing systems from the damaging effects of water hammer. It is important to hire a licensed plumber to install hammer arrestors correctly and ensure they are working properly.
Methods to prevent water hammer
Water hammer is a common phenomenon that can occur in plumbing systems. It is the result of the sudden stoppage of the flow of water, which causes a shock wave that can damage pipes and fittings. Fortunately, there are several methods to prevent water hammer from occurring.
- Install Water Hammer Arrestors: One of the most effective methods to prevent water hammer is to install water hammer arrestors. These devices consist of an air chamber that absorbs the shock wave created by the sudden stoppage of water flow. They are easy to install and can be retrofitted to an existing plumbing system. In many cases, local plumbing codes require the installation of water hammer arrestors.
- Install Pressure Reducing Valves: Another method to prevent water hammer is to install pressure reducing valves. These valves regulate the pressure in the plumbing system and prevent sudden changes in pressure that can cause water hammer. They can also help to conserve water and reduce energy costs by reducing the amount of water that is wasted. However, pressure reducing valves can be expensive and may require professional installation.
- Size Pipes Correctly: The size of the pipes in a plumbing system is an important factor in preventing water hammer. If the pipes are too small, the flow of water can become restricted, which can cause sudden changes in pressure and water hammer. On the other hand, if the pipes are too large, the flow of water can become sluggish, which can also cause water hammer. By sizing pipes correctly, the flow of water can remain consistent, and the risk of water hammer can be reduced.
Water Hammer Arrestors: Are They Required by Code?
As previously mentioned, water hammer arrestors are an effective method to prevent water hammer. But are they required by code? The answer is yes in many cases. Local plumbing codes often require the installation of water hammer arrestors, particularly in commercial buildings and multifamily dwellings. Even if water hammer arrestors are not explicitly required by code, they are often recommended by plumbing professionals to reduce the risk of damage to plumbing systems and appliances.
How Water Hammer Arrestors Work
Water hammer arrestors consist of an air chamber that is installed near the plumbing fixture that is experiencing water hammer. When the flow of water is suddenly stopped, the shock wave created by the sudden stoppage is absorbed by the air chamber, which compresses the air inside. This compression of the air reduces the shock wave and prevents the damage that can be caused by water hammer. Water hammer arrestors are available in different sizes and types to accommodate different plumbing systems and applications.
| Type of Water Hammer Arrestor | Description |
|---|---|
| Piston-Type Water Hammer Arrestor | This type of water hammer arrestor consists of a piston that moves back and forth inside the air chamber in response to changes in water pressure. The movement of the piston absorbs the shock wave created by water hammer. |
| Diaphragm-Type Water Hammer Arrestor | This type of water hammer arrestor consists of a diaphragm that separates the air and water in the chamber. When the flow of water is suddenly stopped, the diaphragm flexes and absorbs the shock wave. |
| Expansion-Type Water Hammer Arrestor | This type of water hammer arrestor consists of a chamber that is designed to expand and compress in response to changes in water pressure. This expansion and compression absorbs the shock wave created by water hammer. |
Regardless of the type of water hammer arrestor used, it is important to ensure that they are installed correctly and in the right location to be effective. Consulting with a plumbing professional can ensure that water hammer arrestors are installed correctly and that the risk of water hammer is minimized.
Types of Plumbing Fixtures Affected by Water Hammer
Water hammer is a common plumbing problem that can occur in any type of plumbing fixture. However, some fixtures are more prone to this problem than others due to the nature of their design or usage.
- Toilets: Toilets are one of the most common fixtures affected by water hammer. This is because toilets have a high volume of water flowing through them in a short amount of time. The sudden stop of water flow can cause an impact that results in water hammer.
- Washing Machines: Like toilets, washing machines also have a high volume of water flowing through them during the cycle. This can cause water hammer to occur when the water supply is abruptly turned off.
- Dishwashers: Dishwashers can cause water hammer due to their high water flow rate and abrupt shutoff of water flow.
Other plumbing fixtures that can be affected by water hammer include:
- Bathroom sinks
- Kitchen sinks
- Showers and tubs
In addition to plumbing fixtures, water hammer can also affect pipes and valves. This can cause damage to the plumbing system if not addressed promptly.
Why Are Hammer Arrestors Required by Code?
Hammer arrestors are devices that are installed in plumbing systems to prevent water hammer. These devices work by absorbing the shock of water flow and preventing it from causing an impact. Hammer arrestors are required by code in many areas to prevent damage to plumbing systems and ensure their longevity.
In some cases, hammer arrestors may only be required for specific fixtures or appliances, such as washing machines. However, it is recommended to install them throughout the plumbing system to provide maximum protection.
Types of Hammer Arrestors
There are several types of hammer arrestors available for residential and commercial plumbing systems. These include:
- Water hammer arrestors: These are the most common type and are installed in the main water line near the shut-off valve.
- Piston-type arrestors: These use a piston to absorb the shock of water flow and are often used in washing machines and other appliances.
- Spring-loaded arrestors: These use a spring to absorb the shock of water flow and are often used in dishwashers and other appliances with a high flow rate.
- Expansion-type arrestors: These use an air chamber to absorb the shock of water flow and are often used in larger commercial plumbing systems.
By installing hammer arrestors in your plumbing system, you can prevent water hammer and avoid potential damage to your pipes, fixtures, and appliances.
| Type of Plumbing Fixture | Type of Hammer Arrestor |
|---|---|
| Toilets | Water hammer arrestor |
| Washing Machines | Piston-type or spring-loaded arrestor |
| Dishwashers | Spring-loaded arrestor |
| Bathroom sinks, kitchen sinks, showers, and tubs | Water hammer arrestor |
No matter what type of plumbing fixtures you have in your home or business, it is important to be aware of the potential for water hammer and take appropriate steps to prevent it. By installing hammer arrestors and keeping your plumbing system well-maintained, you can ensure that your fixtures and appliances last for years to come.
The importance of noise reduction in plumbing systems
Plumbing in a building or home is supposed to be invisible, and the only way to know it is working is by using appliances such as toilets, sinks, and showers. Most homeowners do not know the intricate details needed to create a quiet, working plumbing system. But hammer arrestors have become mandatory in some areas, and some homeowners wonder if it is for noise or safety reasons.
- Noise reduction
- Safety
- Code requirements
Noise Reduction
Noise reduction is one of the essential reasons behind using hammer arrestors. The sound of a hammer is familiar to many people, but when hammers sound off in your home while using water, it can be alarming. The jarring noise is created by water slamming into a closed valve and bouncing back with force. When a hammer arrestor is installed, it acts as a shock absorber, reducing the amount of force that travels through the pipes and reduces the noise. Although noise reduction is not the only reason for installing an arrestor, it can make home life quieter and more enjoyable.
Safety
Hammer arrestors are not just for noise reduction, but also safety. Pipes that move and shake over time can cause damage to the joints and eventually cause a leak or even a burst pipe. Additionally, when water stops flowing suddenly, the force created by the sudden stop can create excess pressure in the pipes. If the excess pressure is not managed appropriately, it can cause damage to the pipes or even injure a person using a fixture. By installing hammer arrestors, the excess pressure is absorbed and safely dissipated, ensuring everyone in the home is safe.
Code Requirements
In some areas, hammer arrestors are mandatory and are required by code. It is crucial to know the requirements for your area before installing or renovating your plumbing system. Each building type and purpose will have different requirements for the number and size of arrestors needed. Make sure to get the necessary permits to install the arrestors and have a professional plumber do the job to ensure they are installed correctly.
Conclusion
| Noise Reduction | Safety | Code Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| The sound of water slamming into a closed valve and bouncing back with force can be jarring and unpleasant. Hammer arrestors act as a shock absorber that reduces the noise. | When water stops flowing suddenly, the force created by the sudden stop can create excess pressure in the pipes. Hammer arrestors ensure that the excess pressure is absorbed and safely dissipated, guaranteeing everyone in the home is safe. | Some areas mandate the use of hammer arrestors and require them to be installed by a professional plumber. It is critical to know the requirements for your area. |
While noise reduction may not seem like a top priority, a quiet plumbing system can make your home more peaceful and enjoyable. Additionally, having a safe plumbing system not only protects your property investment but also the health and wellbeing of those in the home. As code requirements vary by area, consulting with a professional plumber is highly recommended to ensure compliance. By installing hammer arrestors, you can rest assured that your plumbing system is safe, quiet, and efficient.
Professional Installation of Hammer Arrestors
While it’s true that hammer arrestors are required by certain plumbing codes in different parts of the country, it’s important to note that the installation of these devices should always be done by a professional plumbing contractor. Attempting to install hammer arrestors on your own could lead to serious plumbing issues or worse, a major accident.
Hammer arrestors should be installed close to the source of the problem. This means they should be installed as close to the valve or fixture as possible. If installed correctly, they will act as shock absorbers, which will minimize the risk of premature wear and tear on the plumbing system as a whole.
When it comes to hammer arrestors, consistency is key. All fixtures and appliances throughout the home should have the proper device installed.
Proper Installation of Hammer Arrestors Checklist
- Inspected supply line or valve for extra fittings or angles that create additional chance of water hammer.
- Identified arrestors will be installed vertically or horizontally based on floor or wall-mounted applications.
- Ensure arrestors are easily accessible for future maintenance in case there is air or water buildup.
What Does a Professional Plumbing Contractor Do When Installing Hammer Arrestors?
The process of installing hammer arrestors is rather straightforward but requires technical knowledge and expertise from professional plumbing contractors. Here’s an overview of the process:
- Shut off the water supply
- Relieve the pressure from the system by opening all of the faucets and flushing the toilets.
- Locate the pipes and fixtures that require hammer arrestors.
- Attach the correct sized arrestors—vertical or horizontal—onto the pipes above or below the shut-off valve.
- Reconnect the water supply and test the system to make sure it is working properly.
How Much Does a Professional Installation of Hammer Arrestors Cost?
The cost of hiring a professional plumbing contractor to install hammer arrestors can vary based on a number of factors including the size of the home and the amount of work required to complete the job. On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $200 and $500 for the installation of these devices. Some contractors may offer package deals or discounts on labor rates to their customers, so it’s always a good idea to shop around and compare quotes from several different service providers before making a final decision.
| Average Cost Range | Description |
|---|---|
| $200-$500 | Range for installation of hammer arrestors |
While it may seem like a high cost at first, hiring a professional plumbing contractor to install hammer arrestors is well worth the investment. Not only does it help to prevent costly damage from water pressure surges, but it also ensures that your home’s plumbing system is working properly for years to come.
Cost of using hammer arrestors in plumbing systems
In this section, we will discuss the cost associated with using hammer arrestors in plumbing systems. Hammer arrestors are devices designed to prevent water hammer that occurs when water is abruptly turned off or on.
- The cost of hammer arrestors can vary depending on the type and brand of the device.
- On average, a single hammer arrestor can cost between $10 and $50, depending on the size and type.
- When installed by a professional plumber, the cost can increase due to labor expenses.
While the cost may seem high, it is important to consider the long-term benefits and potential cost savings associated with using hammer arrestors.
According to the National Association of Home Builders, water hammer can cause damage to fixtures, pipes, and appliances over time. This damage can lead to costly repairs and replacements.
By installing hammer arrestors, homeowners can prevent water hammer from occurring and increase the lifespan of their plumbing system and appliances. This can result in long-term cost savings and peace of mind.
| Type of Hammer Arrestor | Cost |
|---|---|
| Single Chamber Hammer Arrestor | $10 – $20 |
| Double Chamber Hammer Arrestor | $30 – $50 |
It is important to note that while the cost of hammer arrestors may seem high, it is a small price to pay compared to the potential cost of repairs and replacements due to water hammer damage. Homeowners can consult with a professional plumber to determine the best type of hammer arrestor for their plumbing system and budget.
Are Hammer Arrestors Required by Code?
1. What are hammer arrestors?
Hammer Arrestors are devices that are used to prevent water hammer, which is a loud banging noise that occurs when water is turned off abruptly. It is usually caused by the sudden change in water pressure.
2. Are hammer arrestors required by code?
Some states require hammer arrestors to be installed by code. In some other states, it is not mandatory but is highly recommended.
3. Where are hammer arrestors usually installed?
Hammer Arrestors are usually installed near the water supply valve or any other place where a sudden increase in pressure occurs.
4. What happens if you don’t install hammer arrestors?
Without hammer arrestors, there is a risk of water pipes bursting or leaking which can cause damage to your home’s structure and property.
5. Do hammer arrestors require maintenance?
Hammer Arrestors require little to no maintenance. However, if it has not been used for a long time, it is recommended to test it by turning on the water to see if the banging sound occurs.
6. Can I install hammer arrestors myself?
If you have the technical knowledge and expertise, you can install hammer arrestors yourself. However, it is recommended to get help from a plumber to ensure proper installation.
7. How much does it cost to install hammer arrestors?
The cost of installing hammer arrestors depends on your location, the type of device, and whether you have a professional install it or not. However, most installations cost between $100 and $500.
Closing Thoughts
In conclusion, hammer arrestors may or may not be required by code in your area, but it is always a smart decision to install them to protect your home and property. Without these devices, the potential for costly water damage is very high, and prevention is always the best course of action. If you have not installed hammer arrestors and are experiencing issues with water hammer, be sure to call a plumbing professional to help. Thank you for reading and don’t forget to come back for more on home maintenance tips!