A closed terrarium is a miniature, self-sustaining ecosystem that mimics the natural water cycle. It consists of a clear glass or plastic container that encloses plants, soil, and sometimes decorations. The container is sealed, creating an airtight environment. The magic happens when sunlight enters through the container, heating up the air and soil. As the heat builds up, it promotes evaporation of water from the soil, plants, and even decorations. This moisture then condenses on the walls of the container, creating droplets that eventually fall back into the soil, replenishing the water supply. This process is known as condensation and precipitation. The plants within the closed terrarium take in carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, releasing oxygen back into the environment, thus sustaining the entire ecosystem. In simple terms, a closed terrarium uses the power of sunlight and a sealed environment to create its own water cycle, providing everything the plants need to survive without relying on external watering.
Building your own closed terrarium
A closed terrarium is a great way to bring a piece of nature indoors and create a mini ecosystem that requires minimal maintenance. Building your own closed terrarium can be a fun and rewarding project that allows you to showcase your creativity while also providing a unique and beautiful addition to your home.
Choosing the right container
The first step in building your own closed terrarium is choosing the right container. You’ll want a glass container with a lid that can create a sealed environment. This could be a glass jar, a fish tank, or even a glass cloche. The container should be clean and free of any residues that could be harmful to the plants.
Gathering the necessary materials
- Activated charcoal: This helps to filter the air and prevent any unpleasant odors inside the terrarium.
- Potting soil: Use a high-quality potting soil that is suitable for indoor plants.
- Small rocks or pebbles: These will act as a drainage layer at the bottom of the terrarium.
- Decorative elements: You can add small figurines, rocks, or moss to enhance the visual appeal of your terrarium.
- Plants: Choose small houseplants that thrive in humid environments, such as ferns, mosses, or succulents.
- A water mister: This will be used to water the terrarium without over-saturating the soil.
Assembling the terrarium
Now that you have gathered all the necessary materials, it’s time to assemble your closed terrarium:
- Start by adding a layer of small rocks or pebbles at the bottom of the container. This will help with drainage and prevent the roots from sitting in stagnant water.
- Next, add a layer of activated charcoal. This will help to filter the air and keep it fresh inside the terrarium.
- Add a layer of potting soil on top of the charcoal. Make sure the soil is evenly spread and level.
- Now, it’s time to arrange your plants. Start with the largest plant as the focal point and then add smaller plants around it. Be sure to leave enough space for the plants to grow.
- Once the plants are in place, you can add any decorative elements you desire. Get creative and have fun with it!
- Finally, mist the soil and plants with water using a water mister. Be careful not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot. The terrarium should be moist, but not soaked.
Caring for your closed terrarium
Caring for a closed terrarium is relatively easy, but there are a few things to keep in mind:
- Place your terrarium in a location with indirect sunlight. Too much direct sunlight can cause the temperature inside the terrarium to rise, potentially harming the plants.
- Monitor the moisture levels inside the terrarium. If there is excessive condensation on the glass, it may be a sign that the terrarium is too humid. In this case, remove the lid for a little while to allow the excess moisture to evaporate.
- Trim and prune your plants as needed to control their growth and maintain the desired shape. Remove any dead or yellowing leaves to keep the terrarium looking its best.
- Regularly check for pests, such as aphids or spider mites, and take appropriate measures to get rid of them if necessary.
Selecting the right plants for a closed terrarium
When it comes to choosing the plants for your closed terrarium, there are a few important factors to consider. Not all plants are suitable for this type of environment, so it’s important to select ones that can thrive in the conditions present inside the terrarium.
1. Low-maintenance plants: Closed terrariums are designed to be self-sustaining ecosystems, so it’s best to choose plants that require minimal care. Look for plants that have a reputation for being low-maintenance and can tolerate fluctuations in humidity and light levels.
- Succulents: These desert plants are a popular choice for closed terrariums due to their ability to store water in their leaves. They can tolerate dry conditions and do not require frequent watering.
- Air plants: These unique plants do not require soil to grow as they obtain nutrients from the air. They thrive in high humidity environments and can be a great addition to a closed terrarium.
- Moss: Moss is an excellent choice for a closed terrarium as it can tolerate low light and high humidity. It adds a beautiful green carpet-like appearance to the terrarium and helps retain moisture.
2. Slow-growing plants: Since closed terrariums are enclosed environments with limited space, it’s important to choose plants that grow slowly. Fast-growing plants can quickly outgrow the terrarium and crowd out other plants.
3. Small-sized plants: Consider the size of the plants when selecting them for your closed terrarium. Opt for smaller plants that won’t quickly outgrow the limited space inside the terrarium. This will help maintain the balance and aesthetics of the terrarium.
4. Temperature and light requirements: Take into account the temperature and light requirements of the plants you are considering. Closed terrariums typically have high humidity levels and lower light levels compared to regular indoor environments. Choose plants that can thrive in these conditions and avoid ones that require direct sunlight or high temperatures.
By considering these factors and selecting the right plants for your closed terrarium, you can create a beautiful and self-sustaining miniature ecosystem that will bring joy and tranquility to your space.
Understanding the Science Behind Closed Terrariums
Closed terrariums are fascinating ecosystems in miniature. They work by creating a self-sustaining environment where plants can thrive with minimal human intervention. Let’s take a closer look at the science behind how closed terrariums work.
1. The Water Cycle
One of the key factors in the functioning of closed terrariums is the water cycle. Just like in nature, closed terrariums mimic this natural process. Here’s how it works:
- Evaporation: The water in the terrarium begins to evaporate due to heat and sunlight. This process turns water into vapor, which rises and collects on the glass walls of the terrarium.
- Condensation: As the water vapor cools down, it condenses on the glass walls and eventually drips back down into the soil, plant roots, and other surfaces in the terrarium.
- Transpiration: The plants in the closed terrarium release moisture through tiny pores on their leaves, a process known as transpiration. This moisture contributes to the overall humidity inside the terrarium.
- Root Uptake: The plants’ roots absorb water from the soil as they would in any other environment. This creates a continuous cycle of water movement, ensuring that the closed terrarium remains hydrated.
2. Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen Exchange
Just like any other living organism, plants require carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis, and they release oxygen (O2) as a byproduct. The exchange of these gases is crucial for the overall health of the closed terrarium. Here’s how it happens:
- Photosynthesis: During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and, with the help of sunlight, convert it into glucose and oxygen. The glucose nourishes the plant, while the oxygen is released back into the terrarium.
- Oxygen Consumption: While plants produce oxygen, they also consume it during respiration. However, the overall oxygen production in a closed terrarium is usually greater than oxygen consumption, creating a net surplus of oxygen.
- Favorable Balance: The closed environment of the terrarium helps maintain a consistent concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen, ensuring a continuous supply for the plants’ needs.
3. Nutrient Recycling
Another vital aspect of closed terrariums is the efficient recycling of nutrients. In a closed system, there are limited external nutrient inputs, so the terrarium must maximize the use of available nutrients. Here’s how the nutrient recycling process works:
- Decomposition: When plant matter dies or leaves fall, they decompose, releasing nutrients into the soil. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, break down organic material, creating a nutrient-rich environment.
- Root Uptake: The plant roots absorb these nutrients from the soil, replenishing their nutritional needs.
- Waste Utilization: When plants shed leaves or parts of them die, the nutrients from the decaying material are recycled and utilized by other plants in a closed terrarium. This process minimizes nutrient loss and ensures a sustainable nutrient cycle.
Understanding the science behind closed terrariums allows us to appreciate the intricate balance of these miniature ecosystems. The water cycle, carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange, and nutrient recycling all work together to create a harmonious environment where plants can thrive while requiring minimal care. So, the next time you gaze into your closed terrarium, admire the wonders of nature and science at work in this captivating microcosm.
Maintaining humidity levels in a closed terrarium
A closed terrarium is a miniature ecosystem enclosed in a glass container, and one of the key factors for its success is maintaining the right humidity levels. This ensures that the plants thrive and create their own self-sustaining environment. Here are some important aspects to consider when working towards ideal humidity:
- Watering frequency: The frequency at which you water your closed terrarium directly affects the humidity levels inside. Generally, closed terrariums require minimal watering due to the recycling of moisture within the container. However, if you notice excessive condensation or droplets on the glass, it may indicate high humidity. In such cases, reduce watering and open the terrarium for a short period to release some moisture.
- Container size and shape: The size and shape of the container play a crucial role in maintaining humidity levels. A smaller container will have a higher humidity as there is less space for the moisture to escape. On the other hand, a larger container may require extra effort to maintain humidity. It’s essential to choose a container that suits your plants’ needs and desired humidity levels.
- Air circulation: Proper air circulation is vital for maintaining balanced humidity in a closed terrarium. While the glass enclosure helps retain moisture, it’s crucial to avoid complete stagnation. Gently opening the terrarium for a short period every few weeks will allow fresh air to circulate and prevent mold or excessive humidity buildup. However, be cautious not to leave it open for too long as it may lead to drying out of the plants.
| Signs of excessive humidity: | Signs of low humidity: |
|---|---|
| – Excessive condensation on the glass | – Dry soil |
| – Fuzzy mold growth on plants or soil surface | – Wilting or yellowing of leaves |
| – Foul smell | – Crispy or brown leaf edges |
Remember, finding the right balance of humidity is a trial-and-error process that will largely depend on the specific plants you choose for your closed terrarium. It’s essential to observe your terrarium regularly and make adjustments accordingly to ensure the ideal environment for your little green oasis.
Tips for proper watering of closed terrariums
Proper watering is crucial for the health and success of a closed terrarium. Since closed terrariums function as self-contained ecosystems, the moisture levels need to be carefully regulated to create a balanced environment for the plants to thrive.
Here are some tips to help you water your closed terrarium correctly:
- Water sparingly: It is important to avoid overwatering your closed terrarium. The enclosed environment retains moisture, so excessive watering can lead to waterlogged soil and root rot. Only water when the soil is visibly dry, ensuring that you provide just enough moisture to hydrate the plants without saturating the terrarium.
- Observe the condensation: The condensation on the glass walls of a closed terrarium serves as an indicator of its moisture levels. If you notice excessive condensation, it means the terrarium has too much moisture and may need to be ventilated to prevent mold or fungal growth. On the other hand, if there is no condensation at all, it indicates that the terrarium is too dry and requires watering.
- Use a spray bottle: To control the amount of water you provide, it is recommended to use a spray bottle. The fine mist from the spray bottle allows you to distribute water evenly and prevents overwatering. Gently mist the soil and plants, being cautious not to create standing water. Aim for the soil to be moderately damp, but not saturated.
- Consider the plant selection: Different plants have different watering needs. When selecting plants for your closed terrarium, opt for species that thrive in humid environments and require minimal watering. Succulents and moisture-loving plants like ferns and mosses are excellent choices. Research the water requirements of the plants you choose and adjust your watering routine accordingly.
- Monitor and adjust: Regular monitoring of the moisture levels in your closed terrarium is essential for its well-being. Keep track of how long it takes for the soil to dry out and adjust your watering schedule accordingly. Remember that terrariums can be sensitive to environmental changes, so changes in temperature or humidity may require you to water more or less frequently.
Troubleshooting common issues in closed terrariums
6. Overwatering
Overwatering is a common issue that can cause problems in closed terrariums. While it may seem counterintuitive, too much water can actually be detrimental to the health of your terrarium. Overwatering can lead to root rot, mold growth, and the formation of anaerobic conditions.
One of the key reasons why overwatering occurs is the lack of drainage in closed terrariums. Unlike open terrariums, closed terrariums do not have an outlet for excess water to escape. This means that water can accumulate at the bottom of the container and saturate the soil excessively.
To prevent overwatering in your closed terrarium, it is important to monitor the moisture levels regularly. Stick your finger about an inch into the soil and check if it feels moist or dry. If it feels moist, hold off on watering until the soil has dried out. Remember, closed terrariums are meant to create a self-sustaining ecosystem, so they require less water compared to other types of houseplants.
- Remove excess moisture: If you notice that the soil is consistently wet, you can remove excess moisture by gently tilting the terrarium and pouring out any standing water. Be careful not to tilt it too much as it may disturb the plants and decorations inside.
- Adjust watering frequency: If overwatering continues to be an issue, try adjusting the watering frequency. Start by watering less frequently, and gradually increase the intervals between watering sessions until you find the right balance for your terrarium.
- Use well-draining soil: Choosing the right type of soil is crucial in preventing overwatering. Use well-draining soil that is specifically formulated for terrariums. This will help excess water to drain more effectively and prevent the soil from becoming waterlogged.
- Remove any decaying plant material: If you notice any decaying plant material in your terrarium, remove it immediately. Decomposing leaves or stems can release excess moisture into the environment, contributing to overwatering.
Creative design ideas for closed terrariums
A closed terrarium is not only a unique way of bringing nature indoors but also provides an opportunity to showcase your creative side. Here are some design ideas to help you create a beautiful and eye-catching closed terrarium:
1. Theme-based terrariums
- Create a beach-themed terrarium by using sand as the base and incorporating seashells, driftwood, and mini beach chairs.
- Design a fairy garden-inspired terrarium with miniature fairy figurines, tiny houses, and colorful pebbles to create a whimsical atmosphere.
- Opt for an enchanted forest theme by using moss, twigs, and small animal figurines to recreate a miniature woodland scene.
2. Colorful succulent terrariums
Add a burst of color to your closed terrarium by using succulents with vibrant hues, such as Echeveria ‘Lola’ (purple), Sedum rubrotinctum ‘Aurora’ (yellow), and Sedum dasyphyllum ‘Major’ (blue-green).
3. Miniature landscapes
Create a miniature landscape in your closed terrarium by arranging different plants and accessories to resemble an actual landscape. For example:
| Miniature Landscape | Plants & Accessories |
|---|---|
| Mountains | Succulents shaped like mountain peaks, small rocks |
| Beach | Sand, mini palm trees, seashells |
| Forest | Moss, mini trees, small animal figurines |
| Waterfall | Moss, small rocks, cascading plants |
Let your imagination run wild and create your own unique landscape within the confines of your closed terrarium.
4. Hanging terrariums
- Create a stunning display by hanging your closed terrariums from the ceiling or a decorative plant stand. This adds a dynamic element to your space and allows you to utilize vertical space.
- Consider using hanging glass orbs or teardrop-shaped terrariums for an elegant and contemporary look.
- Add trailing plants like String of Pearls or String of Hearts for a cascading effect.
5. The desert oasis
Embrace the desert aesthetic by using cacti and succulents known for their resilience and unique beauty. Incorporate sand, pebbles, and desert-themed decorations to create a miniature desert oasis.
6. Fairy lights and ambiance
Add a touch of magic to your closed terrarium by incorporating fairy lights. These tiny, twinkling lights can be intertwined with the plants to create a whimsical and enchanting atmosphere.
7. Upcycled containers
Get creative with the containers you use for your closed terrarium. Instead of traditional glass containers, consider upcycling old mason jars, decorative bottles, or even lightbulbs. Not only will this give your terrarium a unique look, but it also contributes to sustainable practices by repurposing items that would otherwise be discarded.
Frequently Asked Questions about How Does a Closed Terrarium Work
What is a closed terrarium?
A closed terrarium is a glass container that houses a miniature garden, typically containing soil, plants, and sometimes additional decorative items. It creates a self-sustaining ecosystem by trapping moisture and recycling air within its enclosed environment.
How does a closed terrarium work?
A closed terrarium works by creating a cycle of moisture and air. The container traps moisture from the soil and plants, which then condenses on the walls and lid, creating a water cycle. As the water evaporates, it forms condensation and trickles back down, providing a continuous supply of moisture for the plants.
Why is a closed terrarium important for plant growth?
A closed terrarium creates a humid and controlled environment perfect for plant growth. The closed container helps retain moisture, preventing excessive evaporation and the need for frequent watering. Additionally, the trapped air within the terrarium contains carbon dioxide that is released during the plant’s respiration, providing a natural source of nutrients.
How do I care for a closed terrarium?
Caring for a closed terrarium is relatively low-maintenance. It’s important to place it in an area with indirect sunlight, as too much direct sunlight may cause overheating. You should also keep an eye on the condensation levels and open the lid slightly if it becomes excessively foggy. Watering is rarely required, but if the soil appears dry, mist it with water to maintain a balanced moisture level.
What plants are suitable for a closed terrarium?
Plants that thrive in high humidity and low light conditions are ideal for a closed terrarium. Some popular choices include ferns, mosses, fittonia, pilea, and peperomia. These plants are naturally adaptable to the enclosed environment and require less sunlight than others.
Closing Thoughts – Thanks for Reading!
We hope this FAQ section has answered your questions about closed terrariums and how they work. Creating a miniature ecosystem within a glass container can be a fascinating and rewarding experience both for plant lovers and those new to gardening. Remember to enjoy the beauty of your closed terrarium while it takes care of itself. Thanks for reading, and please visit us again for more articles on gardening and plant care tips!